Saturday, March 22, 2025

The Rumble in the Jungle + Soul Power Dedication to Mr. George Foreman

 

                                                       Kinshasa Concert Host 1974- Rumble in the Jungle Zaire for Historical & Educational purposes only!

As a young African American, the revolutionary spirit of the previous generation, who lived in the 1960s and 1970s, provided a dynamic picture for contending with the "powers," or the elite hegemony that rules over the American society (& Western World). The international Black Power, Reggae, Salsa, Afrobeat, & Hippie Movements were founded in direct challenge to the White Capitalist Patriarchy Military Christian Supremacy system, and the American Government through the FBI (COINTELPRO), CIA (IRAN-CONTRA), and local socioeconomic structure moved to not only crush its leaders, but also to eliminate the effect of their movement's ideas. In many ways, the American government was successful through the assassination of many of the leaders of the Black Power struggle & Hippie Movement, the flooding of drugs into Black ghettos and poor White neighborhoods to destroy the minds of the generation, and the economic embargo of these individuals trying to live in assimilation. Still, this generation left the message of their sacrifice and fight in their historic riots, Black films, music of Love & Change, community programming, dynamic literature, and most importantly, internationally renown iconic figures. The President & Emperor of Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko, and Ghana's 1st President & Pan-Africanist, Kwame Nkrumah among others opened Black America for the first time to the possibility of an international order, where Black & Latino Americans could access the African Markets, when they are locked out of the American system. This perfect storm of Black & Latin America's return to the African continent occurred during the historic fight between the late Great, Muhammad Ali and the Great, George Foreman, in Zaire. Two Icons, limited by the racial apartheid system of the United States, shook off the chains, under the genius promotion of the infamous Don King, to launched probably the greatest event of the 20th Century. This synopsis is dedicated to the late George Foreman, an American hero, whose life journey served as an example for many Black men, and their struggle in the United States to live a simple life. The Rumble in the Jungle, a major concert Zaire '74 and boxing contest took place from Sept. 22-24, 1974, and the fight held on Oct. 30th. The Zaire' 74 concert remains one of the greatest concerts of all time, with artists like James Brown, BB King, Bill Withers, Celia Cruz, Hector Lavoe, Ike & Tina Turner, The Spinners, Etta James, Manu Dibango, Miriam Makeba, and so many others. 


All the frustration, struggle, fight, and triumph of that generation's era accumulated in one event. The Rumble in the Jungle, the fight held on Oct. 30, 1974 in the capital, Kinshasa, Zaire, was the most watched televised event of the era. All eyes were on Zaire for the fight between the undisputed Champion, George Foreman, and his challenger, Muhammad Ali. The rest is history... We love you! George! Sometimes you have to lose to win! Thank you for your great journey and send a butterfly for Muhammad...

George Foreman Vs Muhammad Ali- Rumble in the Jungle 10/30/1974; For educational & historical purposes only.



Friday, March 21, 2025

Second Inaugural Address by President Abraham Lincoln

 

                                President Abraham Lincoln 2nd Inaugural Address March 4, 1865

Fellow Countrymen:

At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, of a course to be pursued, seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention, and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself; and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regards to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil-war. All dreaded it- all sought to avert it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war- seeking to dissolve the Union, and divide effects, by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and others would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came.

One eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was, somehow, the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union, even by war; while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither party expected for the war, the magnitude, or the duration, which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before, the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces; but let us judge not that we will be not judged (Matt 7:1). The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes. "Woe unto the world because of offences! For it must needs be that offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offences which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South, this terrible war, as the woe due to those by whom the offences came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a Living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope- fervently do we pray- that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bond-man's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord, are true and righteous altogether (Psalm 19:9)."

With malice towards none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan- to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.

                                                                                         -President Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1865


Tuesday, March 18, 2025

Edge of A Cliff: Marketing Hyperviolence & Hypersexuality to Black Youth (Wizards of Oz)


Hegemonic marketing has manufactured the consent and dissent of the popular discourse since the invention of the press. In the Post-Modern Era, as digital media has eclipsed print media, and the attention span required to objectively decipher information has shortened, control of the narrative is even simpler, and continues to be held by those, who possess the purse, the hegemonic elite. Therefore, coupled with the power of the purse, the power of marketing brands, ideas, and concepts is immense and a most useful tool of control by those, who shape and rule societies. Marketing is able to shift popular opinion and even capable of electing a President (Barack Obama Social Media 2008; Donald Trump Pro-Analytica 2016). The ability to dictate control of monetary resources and ideas gives the governing elite a complete remote control pulse on the minds and lives of the people. Thus, in the United States, with a population of over 340 million people, controlling the ideas, tastes, convictions and desires of large groups of people is essential to the livelihood of the entire country. Patriotism and nationalism generates support for a national entity by collective cooperation and allegiance. Any subversive ideas from a single individual could cause a widespread panic. Or the dissatisfaction or rebellion of any significant group could lead to the total collapse of the entire house of cards and so, control is critical to maintaining power and order. A delicate dance, and the granting of certain liberties, or restrictions, for a constant state of appeasement of the various groups in the country is at play at all times. Upon logical contemplation, any method, psychological, religious, biological, chemical, technological, as well as political, economical, academically, social and last, but most importantly, militarily, method for control are vital to maintain a sense of national security. The legality of such use of any of the above methods varies and every large demographic, including White Americans, Black, Native, Latino, Asian, and Pacific Islanders are within the various scopes of use. In terms of the 50 million African Americans in the United States in 2025, for which this article is created, there have been various methods of control for their population over the past two centuries.

   

Dr. BF Skinner Lab Rat  in Skinner Box; Reconquista of Al-Andalusia 1492; For historical use only

         In the African tradition, from which the African American community derives, the ability to impart wisdom and essential communal lessons has traditionally been maintained through genealogies, oral folklore, ancient written accounts, music, visual arts, cuisine (diet), ceremonies, communal economies, style of dress & fabrics, and other vital facets within the culture. Values and behavior are based on these lessons, and African taboos are established based on the violation of these values. A war based society, laws were based on natural cycles and the production of large families to withstand the demands of labor and war. Life, being by consensus the most valuable possession, one may have, may be bartered against death, and redeemed, but cannot be exchanged for depravity or a lifestyle in opposition to one's culture. In such a case, death or banishment is the requirement for the betrayal of one's family, clan, or tribal values. So then, the adoption of foreign values requires a consensus or judgement of the group, whether the new value, violates cultural tradition, or requires the person in question to exit the group. Africans, or Afro Americans, living in the American diaspora have been subjected to: 

 Foreign Enslavement (labor) & miscegenation (sexual enslavement & medical experimentation), Military Recruitment, Political Recruitment, Reconstruction, Jim Crow Apartheid, Social & Economic Pogroms & Mass Lynchings, Civil Rights-Integration, COINTELPRO, National Security Memo, Housing in Peculiar Institutions (artificially created "ghettos, projects, & prisons."), Human and Genetic Experimentation, The Drug Era (Vietnam-Iran Contra), The War on Drugs & Mass Incarceration Era, The Crack Era, Gentrification & Medical Apartheid using lead in the water, and finally, the Post-Incarceration & Broken Black Family Era.   

Afro Americans, in North, Central, or South America are subjected to these adverse conditions as a result of the law of Nations (Dum Diversa 1452), as booty of war, as dictated by the Vatican, then the Head of State, of all of European Christendom and whose Latin laws still govern the various Encomiendas. In all consideration of historical truths, the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade between the Kingdoms of Europe and the Kingdoms of Africa is the result of the Islamic Jihads and the European Christian Crusades against the West African Moors, Eastern Turks, and "American" Natives. Africans sold into the American diaspora were sold into the European colonial system without the protection of their native Kings & Kinsmen. Many Afro American groups since have gained their freedom through military action, including many Maroon colonies from Mexico to Columbia, Haiti, and small communities across North & South America; while most have been recaptured by the Colonial System in modern and current colonial expansions of the various European Kingdoms, today. Prior to the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, there were large groups of African derived groups across North, Central, and South America. This is well documented by Anthropology skeletal evidence, African, Islamic, and Portuguese Mariners, Don Christobal Colon, himself; Vasco Nunez de Balboa, and particularly, in the native culture, music, artifacts, system of pyramids and religion, still ubiquitously available to all seeking its study. However, even in the United States in 2025, unless the particular Afro group has successfully fought, negotiated their self determination, maintained their cultural identity, or returned to their original state, they will be subject to foreign law, and therefore foreign values. The African American community in the United States, does not purport self determination or collective cultural cohesion and is unable to maintain solidarity, due to voluntarily relinquishing their segregated towns & neighborhoods, gains made Post-Bellem during Reconstruction and during the Jim Crow Apartheid. The majority of those towns were physically torched and burned down from the early 1900s -the turbulent Depression of the 1930s, beginning with the Massacre of the Wellington community in North Carolina, the Red Scare of the 1910s, the violent summer of 1917, and completed voluntarily by African Americans, themselves, through use of socially engineered, Civil Rights propaganda in the integration of their markets. This is the power of marketing. For example, before the national circuit showing of the Birth of a Nation, film, the adaptation of Thomas Dixon's Clansmen, the state of Florida did not have one chapter of the Ku Klux Klan. After the film's release, Florida Ku Klux Klan membership exploded to more than 20,000 by 1925. Film and digital propaganda, wielded the power to dictate the very actions of mass populations in the United States. Even convinced the entire African American community to operate in massive opposition to their own self interest following the lead of the well mannered Thurgood Marshall, to intergrate into White Schools, while similtaneously losing their own Negro Schools, which employed vastly more African Americans, and educated them to solve African American issues, not White. Loss of the socioeconomic control of their communities, built by their newly freed Ancestors in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was the most important propaganda initiative of the 20th Century. What is not publicly discussed about the success of segregated African American communities, across the United States, is it represented an alternative colonization of African origin in significant proportion and economic value, as compared to the White Capitalists Patriarchy Military Christian Supremacy machine created by the Kingdoms of Europe to colonize these native lands. African American colonization represented an entirely different organization, which would operate in tandem with European colonization or, opt into collaboration with Natives, or self sufficient communes. The genius and gift of African American communities 1870s-1930s, across the United States is the lessons of the enslaved and the work ethic, which caused many of these communities to outpace economic development of their White American neighbors.   

To Be Continued...

(Disclaimer: The purpose of this article is not conspiracy theory or the effect of the "Ah' Ha," moment. It is to ascertain a logical response to the hegemonic attempt to inject an excessive influence of violence, and sexuality in young Black boys and girls in the United States, and abroad. The active attempt to promote this type of influence may not be illegal, but it surely is immoral, and the criminality and consequently, the poverty of mind and body it creates, in the African American community is not only against our traditional cultural roots, but also against the our universal human nature, causing our youth in acceptance of such a taboo lifestyle to be separated from their elder native culture. There are instances in history when this form of marketing was used. Saladin the Great, used this to corrupt the Crusading European Kingdoms during the High Middle Ages. Due to the high level of violence of the Europeans and excessive sexuality, the entire region rose up to expel the Christians from Palestine, and the community, even southern Europe, would repudiate Christianity because of its association with licentious living. Another instance was the South American Independence and Civil Wars of the 1700s & 1800s, which used Black Men to fight the wars of liberation and civil disputes, while miscegnating the Black women to bear the next generation of Latinos, that will largely forget their presence and sacrifice. The commonality of such marketing is it is the precurser to war and conflict.)

If this reading in the incomplete form leads the reader to conspiracy theory, please check out Where the Rabbithole Ends, to ascertain clarity and mentally reset. Conspiracy theories improperly vetted can misled viewers into worlds that can be impossible to justify or exit. These are the allegorical concepts of Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Alice in Wonderland, and The Wizard of Oz... It is essential to escape or return to a normal state after pursuit of knowledge, for self assessment and gain (or loss). My offer of information is for gain of character, not sectarism, and never isolation. The ultimate knowledge gains for positivity is best as opposed to the gain for negative use, which is the opposite effect. 

Wednesday, February 19, 2025

128 Years of US Presidential Inaugurations 1897-2025: Speeches and Full Inaugurations

                      


"The only thing to fear, is fear itself -Franklin D. Roosevelt Inauguration 1933."

"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country -John F. Kennedy 1961."

"We must adjust to changing times, and still hold to unchanging principles -HS Teacher of Jimmy Carter 1977."

My fellow citizens and consistent viewers, West Oakland Imports presents to you a record of 128 years of Presidential Inaugurations and speeches. The ideas conveyed at these critical junctions of power transition, by the elected leaders of the United States, shines a microscopic lens on their core beliefs, and visions for administrating government. In the inaugural spirit of President Donald Trump, we urge scholars to compare and contrast, study, and educate themselves about the history and significance of the peaceful transition of power. We also urge viewers to be critical of the time capsuled ideas presented and to identify themes which are still relevant today. The following videos are for historical and educational purposes only.

-Peter Commons
West Oakland Imports Editor & Writer

The Inauguration of President Donald John Trump (Full Inauguration 1/20/2025)

For Educational/Historical Purposes Only; Courtesy of CSPAN 2025

                                            For Educational/Historical Purposes Only; Courtesy of PBS

The Inauguration of President Joseph Robinette Biden (Full Inauguration 1/20/2021)

                        All Rights Reserved CSPAN 2021; For Educational/Historical Purposes Only  

Full


    

                   All Rights Reserved CNBC 2021; For Educational/Historical Purposes Only

Post Inauguration Ceremony

                   All Rights Reserved White House.GOV; For Educational/Historical Purposes only

The Inauguration of President Donald John Trump (Full Inauguration 1/20/2017)

               All Rights Reserved NBC News 2017; For Educational/Historical Purposes only

The Inauguration of President Barack H. Obama (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/2013)

                      For Historical/Educational Purposes Only; Courtesy of White House. Gov 2013


The Inauguration of President Barack H. Obama (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/2009)
Full
                                   All Rights Reserved CNN 2001; For Educational Purposes only

The Inauguration of President George W. Bush (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/2001)
                            All Rights Reserved CSPAN 2001; For Educational Purposes Only
                                                                 Full
                                All Rights Reserved CNN 2001; For Educational Purposes only

The Inauguration of President William J. Clinton (Speech/full Inauguration 1/20/1993)
Courtesy of the Clinton Library 1993; For Educational Purposes Only
Full 1 of 2
                                     All Rights Reserved NBC; For Educational Purposes Only

The Inauguration of President George H.W. Bush (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1989)
                                    All Rights Reserved CSPAN; For Educational Purposes Only

                                                                 Full
                         All Rights Reserves ABC New 1989; For Educational Purposes Only

The Inauguration of President Ronald Wilson Reagan (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1981)
                             All Rights Reserved Ronald Reagan Presidential Library 1981;
                                                                   Full
                        All Rights Reserved Motions Vault 1981; For Educational Purposes Only

The Inauguration of President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1977)
                    "We must adjust to changing times, and still hold to unchanging principles."
                                      All Rights Reserved Jimmy Carter Presidential Library 1977
                                                     Educational Purposes Only
                                                                       Full
                                 Courtesy of Jimmy Carter Presidential Library 1977;

The Swearing in Ceremony of President Gerald R. Ford (Speech 8/9/1974)                      
                    Courtesy of The Gerald Ford Presidential Library; For Educational Purposes Only

The Inauguration of Richard Milhous Nixon (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1969)
                            All Rights Reserved CSPAN 1969; For Educational Purposes Only


                 Courtesy of Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1969;
                                        For Educational Purposes Only

Inauguration of President Lyndon Baines Johnson (Swearing In/Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1965)


Courtesy of The Smithsonian & The Day Kennedy Died 11/22/1963; Educational use only 
                          All Rights Reserved CSPAN 1965; For Educational Purposes Only
                                                                 Full
                          Courtesy of Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1965;
                                        For Educational Purposes Only

The Inauguration of President John F. Kennedy ( Speech/Full Inauguration 1/20/1961)
"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."
Courtesy of JFK Presidential Library & CBS 1961; Educational Purposes Only

                   Courtesy of Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1961;
                                        For Educational Purposes Only

Inauguration of President Dwight David Eisenhower (Speech/Full Inauguration 1/21/1953)

                                           

                               All Rights Reserved National Records 1953; For educational purposes only

                                                              Full 1957
                                 Courtesy of National Archives & Records Service 1957/
                                   Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies/
                                        For Educational Purposes Only

Inauguration of President Harry S. Truman (Newsreel 1945/Swearing In Ceremony/Full Inauguration 1/20/1949

Public Domain Newsreel 1945

                                      Courtesy of WWII Public Domain National Archives 1945
                                   All Rights Reserved British Pathe' 1945; For Educational Purposes Only
                                     
                                               Inauguration of Truman 1949
                                 All Rights Reserved CSPAN 1949; For Educational Purposes only

Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt (Full Inauguration 1/20/1933)
                               Courtesy of CSPAN 1933; For Educational Purposes Only

Inauguration of President Herbert Clark Hoover ( Silent Newsreel 1929)
                                       Courtesy of Historical Films Archives 1928
                                         Educational Purposes Only

Inauguration of President Calvin Coolidge (Three Silent News Reels 1925)


Courtesy of Pathe News 1925
Silent

Courtesy of Historic Film Archives 1923-1929/ Educational use only

          Courtesy of Warner Bros & Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1925/
                                   Educational Purposes Only
                        Courtesy of International News 1925/Educational Purposes Only
         
Inauguration of Warren G. Harding (Election Newsreel/Inauguration 1921)
                              Courtesy of Historical Films Stock Footage Pathe'  1921
                        Courtesy of National Archives 1921-1923; For Educational purposes only

2nd Inauguration of President Thomas Woodrow Wilson (Silent Reel - 1913/1917)


                                           
1913
                                  Courtesy of Critical Point & National Archives 1917

Inauguration of President William Howard Taft (unavailable)

Inauguration of President Theodore Roosevelt (Silent Film Footage 3/4/1905)
                Courtesy of Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1905

Inauguration of President William McKinley (Silent Footage 1897)
                                           Courtesy of Library of Congress 1897

The above video footage documents and accounts for 128 years of US Presidential Inaugurations. The historical relevance and educational opportunity to look into the past and gather essential themes, principles, and changing times in this presentation, is invaluable. We would like to thank Youtube, the various Presidential Libraries, The Library of Congress & The National Archives, American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), National Broadcasting Company (NBC), CSPAN, Pathe' News, and The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. for their timely contributions to the historical record here. All videos included above account for no monetary gain of Cowan Amaye-Obu, Peter Commons, or West Oakland Imports, and are to be used for educational purposes only. Thank you.

Peter Commons & West Oakland Imports 2021
                             






















Sunday, February 9, 2025

Things to Do: Black History Month 2025

                                          

                                               We Family Love Daniel Raticliff; Akron Beacon Journal

February is African American History Month in the United States, and this year, in 2025, The American Mastodon Publication would like to help Black America set the narrative. Black History, is not solely for the profit and capitalism by Large American Corporations, but for the education and remembrance of the long history of Africans in America. In 1926, Carter G. Woodson, the "Father of Black History," and author of The Miseducation of the Negro, initiated the celebration of Negro History Week to correspond with the birthdays of our great Forerunners, Frederick Douglas, and Abraham Lincoln. In 1976, Negro History Week, expanded to the entire month of February. This year, in 2025, the reelection of President Donald Trump, brings a host of shifting national issues which distract Blacks from concentrating on the major concerns of the African American community including housing (affordable & gentrification of Historic Black neighborhoods), employment, education, black on black violence in service of self hatred, mass incarceration, disparities in healthcare, the government family court intrusion in breaking Black families, the coerce treatment of Black businesses & economics, and one of the most glaring fights with the marketing of sex, drugs, and violence to our youth, in the sponsorship of hyperviolent-hypersexualized Black music and film. The fight for our generation is dare for the sake of our future children in the United States, to live free to determine their destiny and not as the re-enslaved, our sisters as sexual prostitutes, brothers as prisoners, our families broken by the US Court System, or our culture as an immoral communities of people from a glorious past. We must reignite the spirit of commemoration of the African American experience and the love for our Elders. Thus, we would like to challenge all African Americans to plan Family Reunions, Family Brunches, and to redraw Family Trees. We would also like to encourage African American Tours of Black Museums and African American Historical sites across the United States. These are Things to Do: Black History Month 2025

                                                     River Bend Reunion by John Holyfield

1. Plan Family Reunions or Family Brunches (Form Committees in the Family to organize the event & use family, local, & Black businesses to furnish the lodging, event space, decorations, food, and book signing.)

2. Draw Family Trees & create Photo Albums

3. Tour African American Museums and African American Historical Sites (This list does not include a complete list of Museums & Sites. For example, my favorite museum is the National Museum of Black American Music in Nashville Tennessee. Each State has specific African American Heritage Sites, for example, Florida, Fort Moses.

4. Plant Flowers & Tokens at the Cemetery to celebrate your Family Ancestors, who've "crossed over the river." Send your love, pray for their support, and make sure your children know where their loved ones are buried.

5. Attend Black History Festivals & Celebrations

6. Attend African Drum & Dance Class

7. Support Black American Businesses: Make a real effort to spend money within our community, beginning with businesses owned by your own family & friends.

8. Read a novel by an African or African American Author. The AMP Approved List of Short Stories & Novels will be updated continuously.

9. Enjoy African American Films. List will be updated.

10. Join or volunteer for a local African American organization.

The American Mastodon Publication is proud to celebrate Black History Month 2025 and to challenge African Americans to set their own narrative, organize family functions, and to educate themselves on the long experience of Africans in the United States.


Written by Cowan Amaye-Obu

Director Satuye Cultural Arts & Science Coalition/Editor of The Dancing Mastodon Magazine

Sources:

Black Art Depot


                                              Priceless Moments by Dennis Jinguo Dai


                                                               Papa's Girls by Robert Jackson

                                                              Courtin by John Holyfield

Sources:

Carter G Woodson; Association of African American Life & History
Miseducation of the Negro; Carter G Woodson 1936
Frederick Douglas; National Park Service
Abraham Lincoln; White House
Wikipedia Foundation: African American Museums & African American Sites
Things Fall Apart; Chinua Achebe 1958
Southern Belle; Black Business